At one time they were relatively simple, but light switches have become more functional and complex. There are different types to choose from. Some serve specific wiring needs while others are programmable. However, all possess the same basic function of turning on to let electricity flow and off to stop that flow by breaking the circuit. Here, we will look at one type in detail—the 4-way switch, how it works, and the wiring requirements for installing light switches with one or more of them.
How a 4-Way Switch Works
A single-pole switch has two terminals and controls one light fixture from one location. A 3-way switch has three terminals and can control a fixture from two locations. Like these, a 4-way device has a ground terminal, but can control one fixture from at least three different locations. There are four terminals connecting to wires serving your lighting. Four-way switches are used in combination with 3-way devices, which are placed on either side of the circuit, with the 4-way unit in the middle.
From the four terminals, there are two sets of toggle positions. Flicking the switch up allows current to flow through two terminals. And when the switch is down, current can pass through the other two terminals. A 4-way switch is most often used in large rooms that have multiple entrances; it lets occupants control the same light fixture from wherever they decide to enter or leave a room (i.e., a living room with three openings). It’s often used in “T”-shaped hallways as well.
Wiring a 4-Way Switch
The switch often has two brass-colored terminal screws and two black or other darker-colored ones. It also has a green ground terminal. Traveler wires run between the 4-way and 3-way switches in the circuit. They feed power to a light from more than one switch.
Wire colors can vary with these types of switches. Traveler wires will be black and red if non-metallic (NM) cable is used (with 3-wire cable). But they can be any color if conduit is used. A typical wiring configuration also has a 2-wire NM cable that supplies power from the breaker panel to the first switch box, and a black wire that connects to the first 3-way switch’s common terminal.
The first 3-way and first 4-way switch are connected by a 3-wire NM cable. If a second 4-way is used, it’s connected to the first with a 3-wire NM, while one also connects the terminals of the last 4-way unit and second 3-way device. White neutral wires are attached in each switch box. A manufacturer’s diagram should be consulted to view the positions of each terminal and the wire pairings. If you’re not certain which terminals go together, an ohm meter can be used to test them and determine the toggle positions.
Depending on circuit capacity, 14/3 or 12/3 wiring is used to link 3-way and 4-way switches.
Understanding Multiway Switching in Home Automation
Multiway switching lets you control lights from different spots in your home. A 4-way switch is important for this, especially in big areas like hallways or living rooms where you want to turn on lights from many places.
In a multiway switching system, electrical wiring connects several switches to control one light. It often starts with a 3-way switch, then has one or more 4-way switches. These systems can also use dimmers, sensors, and motion detectors to control how bright the light is and save power. New wireless systems let you control lights through the internet, connecting to home automation.
This can work with smart relays to watch and change the flow of electricity, making it more efficient. It’s important to understand the diagram and wiring for a 4 gang light switch or a four switch light switch to put it in right. Licensed electricians make sure these systems are safe. They give a warranty and feedback during and after they install it.
Choosing the Right 4-Way Switch for Home Improvement
When picking a 4-way switch for your home project, think about the wiring type, how many terminals it has, and if it works with smart home systems. Good brands like Leviton and Radiant make strong four-way switches that work with different electrical setups. Some even have wireless options, so you can control them with apps and the internet.
These switches work with 3-way switches to let you control lights and power supply from many spots. Whether you’re using a 4 position rotary switch, 4 pole switch, or four-way dimmer switch, it’s important to know about the wiring and voltage needs.
Using an electrical contractor makes sure the wires, ground, and terminals are connected right to avoid problems. Following a wiring diagram, often in PDF form, helps you see how it all connects. New options might have motion detectors or sensors to save energy. Buying a good switch means it’ll work well for a long time, with warranties from the maker.
Service Today Can Help with Switch, Outlet, and Dimmer Installation
Wiring light switches can be complex if you don’t have the right experience, especially a 4-way switch. Whether you’re upgrading your home’s lighting, a switch no longer works, or is malfunctioning, Service Today can provide professional repair and installation. Our licensed electricians provide safe and reliable lighting services in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. For same-day service, a 100% satisfaction guarantee, and to learn about opportunities to save, request an appointment online or call (888) 586-2135 today!